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Doorka dadka jilicsan ee qurxinta
La daabacay: 20-12-11
Iyadoo si qoto dheer loo sii xoojinayo horumarinta iyo baaritaanka arjiga ee santuuqayaasha, kala duwanaanshaheeda dalabka ayaa sidoo kale sii ballaaranaya. Waqtigaan la joogo, waxyaabaha loo yaqaan 'surfactants' waxay noqdeen qeybaha ugu muhiimsan ee waxyaabaha lagu nadiifiyo, sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin codsiyo badan oo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo, sida emulsification, dispers, solubilizing, foam and nadiifinta waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo.
1) Emulsification
Ifafaalaha ah in si isku mid ah loo nadiifiyo walxaha aan biyaha ku milmin biyaha si loo sameeyo emulsion waxaa loo yaqaan emulsification. Emulsifiers-ka waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa soo saarista kareemada iyo looshinnada la isku qurxiyo. Kareemka budada ah iyo kareemka dhexdhexaadka ah labadaba waa 0 / W emulsions, taas oo lagu emulsali karo saabuunta asiidhka dufanka leh ee anionic emulsifier (saabuun). Way fududahay in lagu diyaariyo emulsions saliid ka yar emulsification, iyo saameynta jilicsan ee saabuunku waxay noqon kartaa Ka dhig mid leh isku-buuq weyn. Kareemada qabow ee ay ku jiraan saliida badan, emulsions badanaa waa nooca W / O, lanolin dabiici ah oo leh biyo nuugid ballaaran iyo nafwaaji sare ayaa loo isticmaali karaa emulsification. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, emulsifier-ka aan-ionic-ka ee sida weyn loo isticmaalay ayaa ah in emulsifier-ka aan ionic-ka aheyn mid amaan ah oo leh xanaaq yar Caanka caanka ah ee loo yaqaan 'sorbitan fatty acid ester' (Span) iyo 'ethylene oxide addct' (Tween) waa kuwa wanaagsan oo ka kooban kuwa aan damiirka lahayn. Isbaanishku waa lipophilic halka Tween uu yahay hydrophilic, labadooduna ay isku qasan yihiin. Waxaa loo adeegsadaa emulsions O / W, waxay sameysan kartaa emulsions leh xasillooni wanaagsan iyo xiriir maqaar sare.
2) Kala-saarista
Ifafaalaha kordhinta milanka walxaha wax yar milma ama aan milmi karin waxaa loo yaqaan solubilization. Marka sheyga biyaha lagu daro, kacsanaanta dusha sare ee biyuhu si aad ah ayey hoos ugu dhici doontaa marka hore, ka dibna micelles-ka molecules-yada dusha sare ayaa la sameeyaa. Isku-soo-uruurinta 'surfactant' ee loo isticmaalo sameynta micelles waxaa loo yaqaan isku-uruurinta 'micelle concentration'. Markuu isku-darka wax-soo-saareyaasha uu gaaro isku-uruurinta muhiimka ah ee micelle, micelle wuxuu nuugi karaa saliidda ama walxaha adag hal dhinac oo ka mid ah saldhigga lipophilic-ka, sidaas awgeedna wuxuu kordhinayaa isku-milnaanta shayga waxyar milma ama aan la-milmi karin.
Solubilizer-ka ku jira waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa soo saarista looshinnada, timaha timaha, iyo tonic tonic. Daawadayaasha loo isticmaalo solubilizer-ka waa inay lahaadaan biyo-baxa sare, HLB> 15, sida polyoxyethylene saliid qallafsan oo adag, polyoxyethylene castor oil, aalkolo dufanka leh polyoxyethylene ether, aalkolo dufanka leh polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Ether, polyoxyethylene ether,
Waxyaabaha saliida leh ee ku jira waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo, sida udugga, saliidaha, iyo fitamiinada ku milma saliidda, waxay leeyihiin qaabab kala-soocid kala-baxa ah sababo la xiriira kala duwanaanshaha qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-baxa. Sidaa darteed, sagxadaha ku habboon waa in loo xusho solubilizer-ka. Tusaale ahaan, walxaha xallinta dareeraha ayaa ah cadarka, saliidaha iyo dawooyinka, iwm, sidaa darteed alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers ayaa loo isticmaali karaa xallinta. In kasta oo alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (nooca OP, nooca TX) ay leeyihiin awood milatari oo xoog leh, waxay ka careysiiyaan indhaha guud ahaanna lama isticmaalo. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, ka-soo-baxayaasha amphoteric ee saliidda ku shubaya saliidda waxay leeyihiin saliid aad u fiican oo saliidaha cadarka iyo saliidaha khudradda ah, iyo waxyaabaha noocaas ah ma ahan kuwo indhaha ka careysiinaya waxayna ku habboon yihiin diyaarinta shaambooyada aan cuncunka lahayn iyo waxyaabaha kale ee la isku qurxiyo.
3) Kala firidhsan
Xaaladda ay walxaha biyuhu ku milmi waayaan walxo ku jira xaalad isku mid ah oo biyaha ku dhex firidhsan ayaa loo yaqaan kala firidhsan. Nidaamka kala-baxa ee isku-qurxinta waxaa ka mid ah saddex qaybood: budo, dareeraha iyo kala-baxa. Budada waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba nooc: midabbo aan dabiici ahayn (sida talc, mica, titanium dioxide, carbon black, iwm) iyo midabbo dabiici ah (sida phthalocyanine buluug, iwm), badanaa si loo sameeyo qurxinta oo leh midab midab wanaagsan, daboolo midabka asalka, oo isticmaal wanaagsan Solvents waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba nooc: biyo-ku-saleysan iyo biyo-la’aan. Kala firdhiyeyaasha loo isticmaalo warbaahinta waa hydrophilic (oo lagu dabaqi karo nidaamyada biyaha) iyo lipophilic (oo lagu dabaqi karo nidaamyada aan biyaha marin). Sidaa darteed, nidaamku wuxuu leeyahay iskudhafyo badan.
Qaar badan oo ka mid ah qalabka wax lagu kala firdhiyo waa emulsifiers iyo dispersers, sida aalkolada dufanka leh ee loo yaqaan 'polyoxyethylene ethers', 'esters acid sorbitan', 'alkol ether karboksylates iyo alkyl ether'. Sulfonates, iwm, dhammaantood waxay leeyihiin guryo kala firidhsan oo wanaagsan. Si budada si buuxda loogu kala firdhiyo dareeraha, dareeraha waa inuu awoodaa inuu si fiican u qoyo dusha sare ee budada. Sidaa darteed, markaad dooraneyso wax-ku-ool ah, marka hore tixgeli HLB ee dusha sare ee budada iyo dhexdhexaadka firidhsan. Guud ahaan, markaad u isticmaalayso budada lipophilic-ka nidaamyada ku saleysan biyaha, waxyaabaha loo yaqaan 'hydrophilic surfactants' waa in badanaa la isticmaalaa.
4) Saamaynta nadiifinta
Alaabada shaqsiyadeed ee loo isticmaalo nadiifinta badanaa waxaa ka mid ah shaambo, jalaal qubeyska iyo nadiifiyaha wajiga. Marka lagu daro nadiifinta, xumbada iyo howlaha qoyaanka, tixgelinta ugu weyn ee xilligan waa jilicsanaanta maqaarka. Tani waxay u baahan tahay in sheybaarka uusan waxyeelleynin unugyada epidermal, uusan saameyn ku yeelan borotiinka maqaarka, oo uusan dhexgalin ama dhex gelin maqaarka. Si saliida maqaarka iyo maqaarka laftiisa loogu hayo xaalad caadi ah.
Waxyaalaha anionic-ka ah waxay leeyihiin taariikh dheer oo nadaafadeed. Joogitaanka saabuunta lama mid aha kuwa kale ee saabuunta. Sodium lauryl sulfate waa walax ceyriin ah oo inta badan loo isticmaalo nadiifinta waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo, waxay ka dhigi kartaa maqaarka inuu gaaro saameyn nadiifin wanaagsan. Waxyeelada 'amphoteric surfactants', imidazoline, cocamidopropyl betaine iyo amino acids dhammaantood waa kuwo nadiifiya oo nadiif ah, waana qaybo lama huraan u ah diyaarinta alaabada nadiifinta wejiga sare, shaambooyada daryeelka timaha iyo shaambooyada carruurta.
5) Saamayn jilicsan oo antistatic ah
Waxyaalaha ka sameysma waa qaboojiyeyaasha ugu muhiimsan ee badeecooyinka timaha lagu hagaajiyo sida qaboojiyeyaasha iyo qaboojiyeyaasha. Waxay leeyihiin jilicsanaan wanaagsan iyo awood antistatic waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan qaboojiyeyaasha jilcinta timaha. Kuwa ugu badan ee la isticmaalodusha sare ee kaftanka waa monoalkyl iyo dialkyl quaternary ammonium cusbada, oo ah cusbada C16-18 monoalkyl ammonium, double C16-18 alkyl quaternary ammonium cusbada iyo alkylbenzyl quaternary ammonium cusbada. Tallow asymmetric,octyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium cusbo iyo milixda 3-cetyl methyl ammonium, cusbadahan ammonium-ka ah ee quater-ka waxay leeyihiin saameyn wanaagsan oo ku saabsan shanlaynta qallalan, shanleynta qoyan iyo timo goynta. Dhawaan, isha ugu soo jiidashada badan waa cusbada qubeyska ammonium ee laga soosaaray lanolin fatty acid. Ka xanaaq yar ayaa leh haynta biyaha iyo astaamaha qoynta ee lanolin iyo astaamahadusha sare ee kaftanka, kaas oo timaha siin kara qoyan iyo taabasho gaar ah sida jilicsanaanta.
6) Qoyaanka iyo dhexgalka
Sida qurxinta, ma aha oo kaliya inay leeyihiin saameyn qurxoon, laakiin sidoo kale inay dareemaan raaxo iyo jilicsanaan marka la isticmaalo. Kuwani waa kuwo aan laga sooci karin saamaynta qoynta ee wax-soosaarayaasha. Marka la eego, biosurfactants waxay gaareen natiijooyin cajiib ah. Maaddaama ay tahay qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah unugyada bayoolojiga, fosfooliidku waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan dheef-shiid kiimikaadka unugyada iyo xuubka xuubka unugga, waxayna leeyihiin haynta wanaagsan ee qoyaanka iyo u-socodka maqaarka dadka. Sophorolipid biosurfactants waxay leeyihiin xiriir u gaar ah maqaarka, taas oo ka dhigi karta maqaarka mid jilicsan oo qoyan. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo iskudhiska bayoolajiga iyo habab kale si loogu diyaariyo walxaha firfircoon ee bayoolajiyeed iyo waxyaabaha ka soo jeeda fitamiinnada, u diyaargarowga enzyme, isirrada koritaanka unugyada (EGF, DFGF), collagen, elastin, ceramide iyo hyaluronic acid, iwm. Gelitaanka maqaarka, wuxuu kaqeybqaataa dheef-shiid kiimikaadka unugyada maqaarka iyo unugyada, wuxuu beddelaa qaabdhismeedka unugyada maqaarka, iwm, si loo gaaro saameynta lidka-duudduubnaanta, gabowga iyo caddeynta.
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