1. Guudmarka

Waxyaabaha loo yaqaan 'Amphoteric surfactants' waxaa loola jeedaa kooxaha 'hydrophilic cationic' iyo kooxaha anropic hydrophobic ee qaabdhismeedka molecular-ka, taas oo lagu ionized karo karo xalka aqueous-ka isla markaana lagu soo bandhigi karo astaamaha loo yaqaan 'anionic surfactants' iyadoo lagu jiro xaalad dhexdhexaad ah oo gaar ah, laakiin xaalad kale oo dhexdhexaad ah Waa fasal ka mid ah soo bandhigaan astaamaha suntan sheyga.

Betaine-ka nooca loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants' waxaa loola jeedaa nooc ka mid ah xeryahooda oo qaabdhismeedkoodu la mid yahay kan betaine-ka wax soo saarka dabiiciga ah. Magaca kiimikada ee betaine waa trimethylammonium acetate. Waa wax soo saar dabiici ah oo ay daahfurtay Scheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) kana soocay casiirka dabocase. Scheibler ayaa magaciisu yahay betaine beta-in kadib markii magaciisii ​​Latin ahaa beta vulgaris.

Sanadkii 1876, Bruhl wuxuu qaatay ereyga betaine wuxuuna soo jeediyay in iskudhafyada leh qaabab la mid ah alaabada dabiiciga ah loogu magac daro "khayaanada“, Kuwaas oo ah nooca betaine-ka ee loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants'. Betaine amphoteric surfactants waxaa loo qaybin karaa nooca karboksylicka, nooca sulfonic acid, nooca sulfate, nooca sulfite, nooca fosfate, nooca phosphite, nooca fosfonikada iyo nooca fosfooniga marka loo eego nooca kooxda aashitada. . Waqtigan xaadirka ah, baaritaannada gudaha ee ku saabsan maadooyinka betaine waa kuwo aad u firfircoon. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, nooca loo yaqaan 'karboksylicic acid', nooca sulfonic acid iyo noocyada nooca fosfateetka ayaa la soo sheegay.

Badanaa xarumaha lacag bixinta wanaagsan ee nooca betaine-ka ee loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants' waxaa lagu taageeraa quwernary ammonium N atoms, halka xarumaha lacag bixinta aan fiicnayn lagu taageerayo kooxaha aashitada xun lagu eedeeyay. Farqiga udhaxeeya nooca betaine-ka ee amphoteric surfactants iyo waxyaabaha kale ee loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants' ayaa ah iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay joogitaanka quaternary ammonium nitrogen ee molecule-ka, uusan u jiri doonin qaab ka mid ah waxyaabaha loo yaqaan 'anionic surfactants' ee xalalka alkaline. Noocyada kala duwan ee pH, noocyada betaine-ka ee loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants' waxay ku jiri doonaan oo keliya qaab zwitterionic ama cationic surfactants. Sidaa darteed, aagga isoelectric, waxyaabaha loo yaqaan 'betaine amphoteric surfactants' uma eka inay u nugul yihiin hoos u dhaca fiiqnaanta sida kuwa kale ee loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants' oo leh nitrogen daciif ah.

Betaine surfactants amphoteric sidoo kale way ka duwan yihiin kuwa xayeysiiska ka sameysan. Baarayaasha qaarkood (Beckett AH 1963) waxay rumeysan yihiin in loo kala saaro "qufernary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant"; Moore CD (1960) wuxuu rumeysan yahay in loo asteeyo inuu yahay "quaternary ammonium salt surfactant". Si ka duwan sagxadaha 'cationic surfactants' sida "quadernary ammonium salt surfactants", nooca betaine-ka ee loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants' waxaa loo isticmaali karaa isku dhafka 'anionic surfactants' mana sameyn doono iskudhafyo "koronto ahaan dhexdhexaad ah".

Betaine-ka nooca loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants' waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha ku faafa 'amphoteric surfactants'. Waxay leedahay iswaafajin aad ufiican oo laxiriira anionic, cationic iyo nonionic surfactants, waxay leedahay saameyn aad uwanaagsan, waana dabeecad fudud. Waxay leedahay astaamo antistatic wanaagsan, guryaha bakteeriyada, guryaha antorrosive, waana mid si fudud loo noolaan karo. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha kiimikada maalinlaha ah. Iyadoo la sii xoojinayo cilmi-baarista, waxyaabo badan oo nooca betaine-ka ah ayaa la soo saari doonaa lana isticmaali doonaa.

2. Horumarka cilmi baarista ee nooca betaine-ka ee loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants'

Horaantii 1869, Liebreich O. wuxuu adeegsaday trimethylamine si loogu diyaariyo betaine; Sanadkii 1937, warbixintii ugu horraysay ee patent-ka ee 'amphoteric surfactants' ayaa ka soo muuqatay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, iyadoo 1940-kii ay DuPont soo tabisay taxanihii ugu horreeyay ee betaine (Betaine). Tan iyo waagaas, dalal kala duwan ayaa bilaabay inay baaraan oo ay horumariyaan waxyaalaha loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants' oo ay ku jiraan xeryahooda betaine. Iyadoo ay sii kordheyso codsigiisunta betaine, xawaaraha cilmi baarista arimahan ayaa sidoo kale soo dedejinaya. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, alaabooyin badan oo cusub ayaa la soo saaray.

Xu Jinyun et al. diyaariyey octadecyl betaine oo leh octadecyl amine tertiary, chloroacetic acid, iyo sodium hydroxide sida alaabta ceyriinka ah, oo tijaabiyey xiisada dusha sare, astaamaha antistatic, emulsifying guryaha iyo guryaha kale ee dalabka. Saldhig betaine waa la isbarbar dhigay. Zhang Li iyo kuwa kaleba waxay kaloo sameeyeen cilmi baaris kusaabsan kiimikada iskuxirka waxyaabahaan, sida kacsanaanta dusha sare, microemulsion iyo xuduudaha qaabdhismeedka

Chen Zonggang iyo kuwa kale waxay ku falceliyeen stearic acid iyo triethanolamine si ay u soo saaraan steethanolamine stearate, waxayna xakameeyeen saamiga jawaab bixiyaasha si ay badeecadu inta badan uga dhigto diteri, ka dibna waxay la falgashay quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate si loo soo saaro triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Wax-soosaarahan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa inuu noqdo wakiil jilciya daabacaadda iyo dheeh. Jilicsanaantiisu waxay kudhowdahay saliida amino silicone, caddadeeda iyo qoyaan ahaanshaheeda ayaa kafiican saliida amino silicone, waana si sahal ah baaba'a. Waa badeecad bey'adeed u habboon.

FangYiwen etal. la soo saaray lauroamidopropyl betaine oo leh N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine iyo sodium chloroacetate oo ah alaab ceeriin ah. Wax soo saarku wuxuu leeyahay xumbayn sare, xasilinta xumbada iyo sifaynta guryaha. , Iswaafajin wanaagsan oo lala yeesho qaybaha kale ee shaambo ku jira.

Chen Hongling et al. soosaaray laba sulfoimidazolinekhayaanada iyadoo la isticmaalayo sodium 2-bromoethyl sulfonate oo ah maadada hydrophilic base iyo alkyl imidazoline oo la tijaabiyay sifooyinkooda jireed iyo kiimikada. Qaaciddada qaabdhismeedka waa sida soo socota.

Jiang Liubo wuxuu ku helaa N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine adoo ka saaraya sodium chloride sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate iyo lauramide dimethylpropylamine iyada oo loo marayo falcelin, mid kasta Tilmaamayaasha farsamada asal ahaan waxay la jaan qaadayaan alaabada magaca la soo dhoofiyo. Waxay leedahay waxqabad khafiif ah, cuncun aad u hooseeya, xumbo qani ah oo ganaax leh, iyo caabbinta biyaha ee ugu fiican iyo jeermiska

Nonglanping wuxuu u isticmaalaa dodecanol, epichlorohydrin, chloroethanol iyo dimethylamine sida alaabta ceyriinka ah, iyo P2O5 sida fosforylation reagent, iyo magaca synthetic waa 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

Cen Bo et al. la kala saaray oo la sifeeyay dehydroabietylamine oo laga soocay rosin amine oo aan dheellitirnayn, ka dibna laga soosaaray N-dehydroabietyl-N iyada oo loo marayo N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine oo ah wax ceeriin ah. N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine iyo koloriintiisa waa laba nooc oo cusub oo ah daawooyinka loo yaqaan 'betaine amphoteric surfactants'.

 

Wang Jun et al. wuxuu soosaaray nooca betaine amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine oo leh epichlorohydrin, sodium bisulfite iyo tertiary dodecyl amine sida alaabta ceeriin, Xaaladaha falceliska ayaa lafilagaliyay.

 

Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. waxay diyaarisay laba nooc oo ah nooca betaine-ka cusub ee loo yaqaan 'amphoteric surfactants' oo ay ku jiraan qaab dhismeedka silsiladda 'polyoxyethylene' iyadoo laga falcelinayo alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl tertiary amine oo leh chloroacetic acid ama chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Xaqiiji wax soo saarka warshadaha.

 

Wadamada shisheeye wali waxay kujiraan heerka hogaaminta duurka sunta betaine, iyo shaqadooda cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta waxay mudanyihiin fiiro buuxda iyo tixraac daraasad. Tusaale ahaan, Chew, CH, iwm waxay isku dubariday polymer AUDMAA nooca betaine-ka ah oo leh acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol iyo aminoacetic acid. Xoogsaarideeda muhiimka ah ee 'micelle 24' waa 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Tamarta firfircoonida polymerization waa 50.2kJ / mol. Furuno Takeshi et al. waxay soosaartay laba nooc oo ah nooca betaine-ka cusub N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine iyo N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- oo leh saliida tarot fatty acid sida walxo cayriin. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaa jiray horumarro badan oo lagu farxo oo ku saabsan sifooyinka jirka iyo kiimikada ee sunta betaine. Tusaale ahaan: YousukeOne, iwm.dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, oleic acid) -dimethyl betaine maadada, habdhaqanka dielectric ee micellar xal ee betaine surfactant ayaa la darsay. Wax shaqo ah kuma laha ujeeda micelles, iyo xoogga nasashada ee amphoteric surfactant xalku wuxuu isku badalayaa si isku mid ah u fiirsashada, taas oo lamid ah aminoglycolato betaine oo leh qaab dhismeed kiimikaad betaine laakiin aan aheyn wax soo saare. Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in dusha sare ee 'micelle surfactant' sidoo kale uu leeyahay isla daqiiqadii dileel isla markiiba sida glycine betaine solution.