1. Wax ku ool ah ka faa'iideysiga shidaalka culus

Sababtoo ah isku-dheellitirnaan sare iyo dheecaan xumo liidata oo saliid culus ah, waxay keentaa dhibaatooyin badan oo looga faa'iideysto. Si looga faa'iideysto saliidahan culus, waxaa mararka qaar loo baahan yahay in lagu shubo xalka aqueous of surfactants ceelka si loogu badalo saliida culus ee culus inta loo rogo emulsion saliid-ku jirta oo hooseeya loona tuuro dusha sare. Waxyaabaha loo adeegsaday saliidan qafiifka ah emulsification iyo habka yareynta u nuglaanshaha nafsiga waxaa ka mid ah sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl aalkolo ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl alkol alkol aler waxay ubaahantahay inay kalasoocdo biyaha una isticmaasho xoogaa warshado warshado sumeya sida fuuqbaxa jirka. Demulsifiers-yadaani waa emulsifiers-biyo-saliid. Caadi ahaan la isticmaalo waa dusha sare ee kaashka ama naphthenic acid, asphaltene acid iyo cusbada biraha ee ay ku badan yihiin. Saliida culus ee qaaska ah, hababka soo saarida unugyada mashiinka caadiga ah looma isticmaali karo, isla markaana duritaanka uumiga ayaa looga baahan yahay soo-kabashada kuleylka. Si loo hagaajiyo saameynta soo-kabashada kuleylka, waxyaabaha loo yaqaan 'surfactants' ayaa loo baahan yahay. Ku duri xumbo sibidhka uumiga si wanaagsan, taas oo ah, cirbadeynta wakiilka xumbada kuleylka badan iyo gaaska aan la isku koobi karin waa mid ka mid ah hababka wax ka qabadka ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo.

Wakiilada xumbada guud ahaan loo isticmaalo waa alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, batroolka sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alkol ether iyo sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, surfactants gemini gaar ah. , oksijiin, kuleyl iyo saliid, waxyaabaha ku shaqeeya fluorine-ka ayaa ah wakiilo xumbada heerkulka sare ku habboon. Si saliida la kala firdhiyey looga dhigo mid sahlan in la mariyo qaab dhismeedka dhuunta hunguriga sameynta, ama in saliida dusha sare ee sameynta laga dhigo mid fudud oo laga saari karo, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isticmaalo santuuqa loo yaqaan filim khafiif ah oo faafa Sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa gemini surfactants iyo walxaha fenolic alkylated.

2. Ka faa'iideysiga saliidda cayriin ee waxsoosaarka leh shey-baareyaasha waxay u baahan tahay xakameyn wax-soo-saar joogto ah iyo ka-saarista wax-soosaarka. Waxyeeleyaashu waxay u dhaqmaan sida wax joojiyayaasha wax-soosaarka iyo wax-saareyaasha wax. Waxyaabaha saliidda ku milma iyo kuwa biyaha ku milma waxaa loo isticmaalaa ka hortagga wax. Kuwii hore waxay door ka ciyaaraan kahortaga walxaha iyagoo beddelaya astaamaha dusha sare ee dusha sare. Waxyaabaha sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo saliidda-milmay waa saliidaha loo yaqaan 'sulfonates' iyo 'amine surfactants'. Waxyaalaha biyaha ku milma waxay ka ciyaaraan door ka hortag ah iyaga oo beddelaya astaamaha dusha sare (sida tubbada, ulaha dhuuqmada iyo qalabka qalabka). Waxyaabaha la adeegsan karo waa sodium alkyl sulfonate, cusbada qubeyska ammonium, alkane polyoxyethylene ether, aromatic polyoxyethylene ether iyo cusbada sodium sulfonate. Waxyeeleyaasha wax-ka-saarista wax ayaa sidoo kale loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood, saliid-ku-milmaan wax-saareyaasha saliidda ku saleysan, nooca biyaha-milmay ee loo yaqaan 'sulfonate', nooca cusbada ee ammonium-ka, nooca polyether, nooca Tween, nooca nooca loo yaqaan 'Sulfate ester salt' ama nooca isugeynta ah ee loo yaqaan 'sulfonated flat' iyo waxyaabaha noocyada OP ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa inay yihiin wax-saareyaasha wax-saaraya biyaha. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, gudaha iyo dibaddaba waxay si dabiici ah isugu darsameen ka-saarista iyo ka-hortagga wax-soosaarka, iyo sidoo kale wax-saareyaasha saliidda ku saleysan iyo biyo-saareyaasha wax-ku-saleysan, si ay u soo saaraan wax-saare isku-dhafan oo isku-dhafan. Wakiilka soo saaraya shaygan wuxuu isticmaalaa hydrocarbons aromatic iyo hydrocarbons aromatic hydrocarbons sida wajiga saliida, iyo emulsifier leh wax ka saarida wax sida wajiga biyaha. Marka emulsifier-ga la soo xulay uu yahay mid aan ku habboonayn nuqulo leh daruur ku habboon, waxaa loo samayn karaa inuu gaaro ama dhaafo daruurteeda heerkulka ka hooseeya qaybta sii kordheysa ee saliidda si fiican, si ay waxyaabaha wax tirtira oo isku dhafan ay u sameyn karaan Kahor intaadan soo gelin qaybta sii kordheysa emulsion-ka ayaa jabay, waxaana la kala saaray laba nooc oo ah wakiilo wax saaraya wax, waxayna ciyaarayaan doorka wax ka saarida isla waqtigaas.

3. Surfactant ayaa loo isticmaali jiray in lagu xasiliyo dhoobada

Qaybta dhoobada ee xasilloon waxay ka hortagtaa macdanta dhoobada inay bararto waxayna ka hortagtaa in walxaha macdanta dhoobku ay haajiraan. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in looga hortago dhoobada inay bararto, sida nooca cusbada amine, nooca milixda quuternary ammonium, nooca cusbada pyridine, cusbada imidazoline iyo waxyaabaha kale ee xasaasiga ah. Waxyaalaha aan-ionic-cationic ahayn ee ay ku jiraan maadada loo yaqaan 'fluorine' ayaa la heli karaa si looga hortago guuritaanka walxaha macdanta dhoobada ah.

4. Daawadayaasha loo adeegsado cabbiraadda aashitada

Si loo hagaajiyo saameynta aashitada, noocyo kala duwan oo lagu daro ayaa guud ahaan lagu daraa xalka aashitada. Wax kasta oo soosaara oo la jaan qaadi kara aashitada oo si sahal ah loo xallinkaraa sameynta waxaa loo isticmaali karaa inuu ahaado dib u dhigid aashito ah. Sida dufanka amine hydrochloride, quarternary ammonium salt, pyridine salt in cationic surfactants and polyoxyethylene sulfonated, carboxymethylated, fosfate cusbada ama sulfate cusbada ee amphoteric surfactants Base phenol ether iyo wixii la mid ah. Qaar ka mid ah qalabka wax lagu buufiyo, sida dodecyl sulfonic acid iyo cusbada amky alkyl, ayaa emulsuli kara aashitada ku jirta saliida si ay u soo saaraan emulsion acid-in-oil. Emulsion-kan waxaa loo isticmaalaa dareeraha warshadaha acidification sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay saameyn gaabis ah.

Qaar ka mid ah qalabka wax lagu buufiyo ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii anti-emulsifiers loogu talagalay cabitaannada aashitada leh. Daawadayaasha leh qaab dhismeedka laamaha leh sida polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether iyo polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii astaamaha anti-emulsifiers-ka. Qaar ka mid ah qalabka wax lagu buufiyo ayaa loo isticmaali karaa sida kaabayaasha xaalufka, sida nooca cusbada amine, nooca milixda quaternary ammonium, nooca cusbada pyridine, non-ionic, amphoteric iyo surfactants.